Flight

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Flight 

 

 

 

 

Lesson Title: Forces in Flight

 

 

Grade Level: 4-6th

 

 

Unit Title: The Physics of Flight

 

 

Subject: Science

 

 

Developed by: Kelley DeBoer

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Abstract: How the force of air helps an airplane fly.

 

 GLCE(s):

 

P.FM.M.2 Force Interactions- Some forces between objects act when the objects are in direct contact

 

(touching), such as friction and air resistance, or when they are not in direct contact (not touching), such as  gravitational force.

P.FM.05.21

 P.FM.05.22 Demonstrate contact and non-contact forces to change the motion of an object.

 

 

TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS

 

Students will …

 

1. know how to insert various objects (e.g., photos, graphics, sound, video) into word processing documents, presentations, or web documents

 

2. use a variety of technology tools and applications to promote creativity

 

3. understand that existing (and future) technologies are the result of human creativity

 

4. collaborate with classmates using a variety of technology tools to plan, organize, and create a group project

 

 

 

Length of Lesson:  3-5  50 minute class sessions

 

Pre Planning

 

 

Big Idea (s):  Understand that  forces affect the motion and speed of an object and that the net force on an object is the total of all of the forces acting on it. Understand the Earth pulls down on objects with a force called gravity. These forces along with the design of a plane affect Flight.

 

Essential Questions:

 

How do the four forces: lift, thrust, weight and drag affect flight?

 

What does the function of wings on an airplane serve? Other design elements ?

 

What's a good shape for a plane to get through the air? 

 

Objective: Students will learn how the forces affect motion of a plane in flight, and be able to identify and articulate the principals of flight.

 

Summative Assessment:

 

Students  projects will be graded based on the Flight and Motion Rubric

 

 Lesson Opening:

 

Anticipatory Set:

 

Teachers can download printable, letter-size versions of the classroom Forces of Flight posters.

 

 

 

Session #1

 Introduction:

 

Students may choose one of the options below to gather information on how forces affect flight.

 

Gather Background Information

 

Pick One

 

 

 

  1. Check these links
  2.  
  3. View a short movie of "Orville and Wilbur Wright" explaining how the four forces of weight, lift, drag and thrust affected the flight of their aircraft. The movie file can be saved to the computer and viewed as a Podcast on your podcast player.

     

  4. Use the website Forces of Flight to view a slide illustrating the Forces of Flight on an Aircraft

     

  5. Use the website What makes an airplane fly to read and see animated pictures that demonstrate weight, lift and drag

     

  6. View the virtual exhibit from the National air and Space Museum and view the exhibit  in  Panning View ht

     

 

 Record the information

 

Pick One

 

  1. Inspiration template (Check for attached documents)

     

  2. Fill in the black word document (Check for attached documents)

     

  3. Written narrative describing the affect of weight, lift, drag and thrust. This can not be copied but rather an explanation of what you have learned.

     

 

 

Session #2

 

Lesson Body:

 

Explain to students that the best way to learn about motion and forces is to research, test, and record results.

 

Exploration:

 

Students will choose 1 activity from each category Activity materials will be available in different parts of the room and students will decide which activity they wish to try. One member from each group will report what  their group learned.

 

***Hands on experiments*** Group Work Pick one and move to the area where those materials are ready for you

 

 

 

Experiments in Gravity (file size: 58 KB)

 

Experiments in Lift (file size: 56 KB)

Experiments in Drag (file size: 64 KB)

Experiments in Thrust (file size: 57 KB)

 

 

 

***Technology Simulations*** Pick one or More

 

 

 

Stuarts Flight Adventure Stuart Little Flies his plane

 

Create and fly a Virtual Airplane   Website

 

Fly Plane Fly the plane right on line

 

Learn to Fly Plane Takeoff for Pilot Training You tube Video

 

Scratch Fly a Plane Project download this project a fellow student made

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Session #3-5

 

Check for Understanding:

 

Students may choose to demonstrate their knowledge by choosing a project format below that includes: principals of flight,  describes what forces impact motion and  how aircrafts are made to sustain flight.

 

 

 

  1. Create a Photostory which includes Copyright free pictures and student voice-overs that include the above criteria

     

  2. Write a Scratch Program that illustrates the principals of  flight. Program available  at http://scratch.mit.edu/  You will be creating a simulated model

     

  3. Build  2  different model airplanes. You may use kits or built your own out of recycled materials. Compare and contrast

     

  4. Design and create 3-4 paper airplanes. Test each plane  from the same start point at least three times. Create a graph showing how each plane performed. Write a summary statement that explans which plane flew the longest distance.

 

 

 

 

Explanation:

 

Students may help each other but each student must produce their own project.

 

 Extended Practice:

 

 

 

  1. Use Google Sketch Up to design a 3D aircraft and upload to the Google Warehouse.
  2. Read on line story  of John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown were the first people to fly an aircraft non-stop across the Atlantic ocean.  

CClosing

 

 

PrProjects will be uploaded to the school Showcase Wiki page

 

StStudents will complete the reflection sheet below

 

Self Evaluation

 

1. What references did you use?

 

2. What did you learn about hoe planes fly?

 

3. What parts of the assignment did you enjoy?

 

4. What parts  were the most  difficult?

 

5. How o you think your project could be improve?

 

 

 

      Materials:

 

Supplies for Gravity Experiment

 

30 marbles

 

Scissors

 

One large plastic milk container

 

(clean and dry)

 

One wide rubber band

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplies for Gravity Experiment

 

Scissors

 

Notebook or construction paper

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplies for Friction:

 

One standard rubber pencil eraser

 

Wax paper (cut one 8-1/2- by 11-inch sheet)

 

Ruled writing paper

 

(one 9- by 11-inch sheet)

 

Sandpaper (one 9- by 11-inch sheet)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Supplies for Thrust  Experiment

 

One skateboard

 

One powerful household fan

 

Duct tape

 

One extension cord (at least 9 feet in length)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Additional Resources

 

 

 

Inspiration Template (Or you can use Web 2.0 Mind mapping Software such as bubble us)

 

For taking notes in the introduction section.

 

 

 

Look for uploaded file for the inspiration file

 

 

 

Fill in the Blank Study Sheet-  Used to record information from introduction activity

 

 Copy and paste into a new Word Processing document

 

 

 

 

 

Flight Forces Study Sheet

 

 

 

1. For an airplane to fly, it must always engage in a tug of war between the opposing forces of lift versus _____________ and _______ versus drag.  

 

2. For a moment, think of an airplane moving from right to left and the flow of air moving from left to right.  The __________________ pulls down on the plane opposing the lift created by air flowing over the wing.

 

3.  ________is generated by the propeller and opposes the _______caused by air resistance to the airplane. 

 

4. During take off, ____________ must be greater than _________ and lift must be greater than weight so that the airplane can become airborne.

 

5. For landing thrust must be ________ than drag, and lift must be _______than weight.

 

6. _______ and _____________are considered aerodynamic forces because they exist due to the movement of the aircraft through the air. 

 

7. The weight pulls down on the plane opposing the _________created by air flowing over the wing.

 

8 Press to see Animation on how lift is produced

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Teacher Grading Rubric below

 

 

 

FLIGHT  RUBRIC

 

 

 

Exceeds - must receive no more than one 3 and the rest 4s in the other areas of the rubric.

 

Meets - may receive no more than one 2 and a combination of 3s and 4s in the other areas of the rubric.

 

Approaches - may receive no more than one 1 and a combination of 2s, 3s or 4s, in the other areas of the rubric.

 

 

 

 

 

 

KNOWLEDGE

 

 

 

Clearly describes/demonstrates weight, lift, drag and thrust affect  flight

 

 

 

 

APPLICATION

 

 

 

Applies scientific knowledge, skills and methods to manipulate, analyze, synthesize, create and evaluate.

 

 

 

 

COMMUNICATION

 

 

 

Communicates scientific knowledge and applications through the use of the Inspiration template, word document, or narrative..

 

 

 

 

4

 

 

·  Descriptions of scientific terms, facts, concepts, principles, theories and methods are complete and correct.

 

 

·  Applications are thorough, appropriate and accurate.

 

 

·  Written, oral and/or visual communication is well organized and effective.

 

 

3

 

 

·  Descriptions of scientific terms, facts, concepts, principles, theories and methods are mostly complete and correct.

 

 

·  Applications are mostly thorough, appropriate and accurate.

 

 

·  Most of the written, oral and/or visual communication is well organized and effective.

 

 

2

 

 

·  Descriptions of scientific terms, facts, concepts, principles, theories and methods are somewhat complete and correct.

 

 

·  Applications are somewhat appropriate and accurate.

 

 

·  Some of the written, oral and/or visual communication is organized and effective.

 

 

1

 

 

·  Descriptions of scientific terms, facts, concepts, principles, theories and methods are minimally present or correct.

 

 

·  Applications are minimally appropriate and accurate.

 

 

·  Little of the written, oral and/or visual communication is organized and effective.

 

 

0

 

 

·  All descriptions of scientific terms, facts, concepts, principles, theories and methods are missing and/or incorrect.

 

 

·  All applications are missing and/or incorrect.

 

 

·  All of the written, oral or visual communication is missing and/or lacks organization.

 

 

Score

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

"The Physics of Flight" Creative Kid's Science Project by Frank Schaffer Publications

 

 

 

Checklist:

 

X Include multiple ways to engage students

 

X Include alternatives to the text e.g. website, article, video, audio summary, or lower reading level text

 

X Include checks for understanding to shape instruction

 

X Include methods that require students’ active participation

 

X Include a choice of learning options that provide greater support or challenge

 

X  Include options to help students learn from the text and classroom materials e.g. text-reader, comprehension supports

 

X Include multiple ways for students to show what they know (formative and summative assessment)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Kids' Paper Airplane Book by Ken Blackburn & Jeff Lammers

Flying and Floating by David Glover

Images Magazine:  Sky High (Heath Literacy)

CD ROM - "Daring to Fly:  From Icarus to the Red Baron"

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

All files are Adobe Acrobat® format.

 

1. Introduction (file size: 214 KB)

2. Gravity (file size: 210 KB)

3. Lift (file size: 144 KB)

4. Drag (file size: 182 KB)

5. Thrust (file size: 186 KB)

6. Designing for Flight (file size: 157 KB)

 

Read Set Fly

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 MET(s)

:

 

 

 

Distinguish between contact forces and non-contact

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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